Understanding Glaucoma: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

1

Causes of Glaucoma

Glaucoma can result from increased pressure within the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP), which damages the optic nerve over time.

The process:

  • Drainage canal gets blocked
  • Too much fluid stays in the eye
  • Increased pressure damages the optic nerve
2

Symptoms of Glaucoma

Symptoms of glaucoma may vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. Common symptoms include:

  • Gradual loss of peripheral vision (tunnel vision)
  • Blurred vision
  • Halos around lights
  • Severe eye pain
  • Nausea and vomiting (in acute cases)

Detection and Diagnosis

Early detection of glaucoma is critical for preventing vision loss. During a comprehensive eye examination, an ophthalmologist may perform several tests to assess the health of your eyes and screen for glaucoma, including:

Tonometry

Measures intraocular pressure (IOP) - the key indicator for glaucoma risk.

Perimetry (Visual Field Test)

Evaluates the full extent of your peripheral vision to detect vision loss patterns characteristic of glaucoma.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Produces high-resolution images of the optic nerve and retina to assess structural changes caused by glaucoma.

Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) Measurement

Determines the thickness of the cornea, which can influence IOP readings and glaucoma risk assessment.

Gonioscopy

Examines the drainage angle of the eye to assess the risk of angle-closure glaucoma.